Toluene | 108-88-3
Bayanan Jiki na Samfur:
| Sunan samfur | Toluene |
| Kayayyaki | ruwa mara launi mara launi mai kamshi mai kama da benzene |
| Wurin narkewa(°C) | -94.9 |
| Wurin tafasa (°C) | 110.6 |
| Dangantaka yawa (Ruwa=1) | 0.87 |
| Dangantakar tururi mai yawa (iska = 1) | 3.14 |
| Cikakken tururin matsa lamba (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Zafin konewa (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Matsakaicin zafin jiki (°C) | 318.6 |
| Matsin lamba (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Octanol/water partition coefficient | 2.73 |
| Wurin walƙiya (°C) | 4 |
| zafin wuta (°C) | 480 |
| Iyakar fashewar sama (%) | 7.1 |
| Ƙananan iyakar fashewa (%) | 1.1 |
| Solubility | Imai soluble a cikin ruwa, miskible tare da benzene, barasa, ether da sauran mafi yawan kaushi. |
Abubuwan Samfura:
1.Oxidised zuwa benzoic acid ta karfi oxidising jamiái irin su potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate da nitric acid. Benzoic acid kuma ana samunsa ta hanyar iskar oxygen da iska ko iskar oxygen a gaban mai kara kuzari. Ana samun Benzaldehyde ta hanyar iskar oxygen da manganese dioxide a gaban sulfuric acid a 40 ° C ko ƙasa da haka. Rage martanin da nickel ko platinum ke yi yana haifar da methylcyclohexane. Toluene yana amsawa tare da halogens don samar da o- da para-halogenated toluene ta amfani da aluminum trichloride ko ferric chloride a matsayin mai kara kuzari. A ƙarƙashin zafi da haske, yana amsawa tare da halogens don samar da benzyl halide. Amsa da nitric acid yana haifar da o- da para-nitrotoluene. Idan nitrified tare da gauraye acid (sulphuric acid + nitric acid) 2,4-dinitrotoluene za a iya samu; ci gaba da nitration yana samar da 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation na toluene tare da maida hankali sulfuric acid ko fuming sulfuric acid yana samar da o- da para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. Karkashin aikin catalytic na aluminum trichloride ko boron trifluoride, toluene yana fuskantar alkylation tare da halogenated hydrocarbons, olefins, da alcohols don ba da cakuda alkyl toluene. Toluene yana amsawa tare da formaldehyde da hydrochloric acid a cikin maganin chloromethylation don samar da o- ko para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Kwarai: Kwanciyar hankali
3. Abubuwan da aka haramta:Soxidants, halogens, acid
4. Hadarin polymerisation:Ba polymerisation
Aikace-aikacen samfur:
1.It ne yadu amfani da Organic sauran ƙarfi da kuma albarkatun kasa domin roba magani, Paint, guduro, dyestuff, fashewar da magungunan kashe qwari.
2.Toluene za a iya amfani dashi azaman albarkatun ƙasa don samar da benzene da sauran samfuran sinadarai masu yawa. Irin su fenti, varnishes, lacquers, adhesives da masana'antun masana'antar tawada da kuma bakin ciki da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da ruwa, resin solvents; sinadaran da masana'antu kaushi. Har ila yau, shi ne ɗanyen abu don haɗakar da sinadarai. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kayan haɗakarwa a cikin mai don haɓaka octane, kuma azaman sauran ƙarfi don fenti, tawada da nitrocellulose. Bugu da ƙari, toluene yana da kyakkyawar solubility na kwayoyin halitta, wani kaushi ne na kwayoyin halitta tare da amfani mai yawa. Toluene yana da sauƙin chlorinate, samar da benzene & mdash; chloromethane ko benzene trichloromethane, su ne mai kyau kaushi a kan masana'antu; Har ila yau, yana da sauƙin nitrate, samar da p-nitrotoluene ko o-nitrotoluene, su ne albarkatun kasa don dyes; Hakanan yana da sauƙin sulfonate, yana haifar da o-toluenesulphonic acid ko p-toluenesulphonic acid, su ne albarkatun ƙasa don yin dyes ko samar da saccharine. Toluene tururi yana haɗuwa da iska don samar da abubuwa masu fashewa, don haka yana iya yin fashewar TST.
3.Leaching wakili ga shuka constituents. Ana amfani da shi a cikin adadi mai yawa azaman sauran ƙarfi kuma azaman ƙari ga mai-octane mai girma.
4.Yi amfani da matsayin nazari reagent, kamar kaushi, hakar da rabuwa jamiái, chromatographic reagents. Har ila yau, ana amfani da shi azaman mai tsaftacewa, kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin dyes, kayan yaji, benzoic acid da sauran kwayoyin halitta.
5.An yi amfani da shi a cikin abun da ke tattare da man fetur na doped kuma a matsayin babban kayan aiki don samar da abubuwan da suka samo asali na toluene, fashewa, tsaka-tsakin launi, kwayoyi da sauransu.
Bayanan Ajiye samfur:
1.Ajiye a cikin dakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska.
2.Kiyaye daga wuta da tushen zafi.
3.The ajiya zafin jiki kada ya wuce 37 ° C.
4.Kiyaye akwati a rufe.
5.Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga magungunan oxidising, kuma kada a taɓa haɗuwa.
6.Yi amfani da hasken wuta-proof da wuraren samun iska.
7.Hana yin amfani da kayan aikin injiniya da kayan aiki masu sauƙi don haifar da tartsatsi.
8.Yankin ajiya ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aikin gaggawa na gaggawa da kayan aiki masu dacewa.
